The New Zealand Official Year-book 1919.

THE Dominion of New Zealand consists of three main islands, with several groups of smaller islands lying at some distance from the principal group, The main islands, known as the North, the South, and Stewart Islands have a coast-line 4,330 miles in length: North Island, 2,200 miles; South Island, 2,000 miles; and Stewart Island, 130 miles. Other islands included within the Dominion are the Chatham, Auckland, Campbell, Snares, Antipodes, Bounty, and Kermadec Islands. The Cook Group of islands and certain neighbouring islands were included in the Dominion by Proclamation of the 10th June, 1901.

The total area of the Dominion proper (i.e., excluding the islands annexed in 1901) is 66292,232 acres, or 103,581 square miles. The land area of the Cook Group is about 150 square miles, and of the other islands annexed in 1901 about 130 square miles. Full information as to boundaries and area, together with descriptive matter relating to the physical features of the various portions of the Dominion, will be found in the 1913 issue of this book.

Facing this page is a map, reproduced by permission of the General Manager of the New Zealand Railways, showing the Dominion as it would be situated if placed in corresponding latitude of Northern Hemisphere, but with east instead of west longitude, for comparison with the principal European countries.

The geologic structure of New Zealand, so far as it has yet been determined is, owing to its complexity, difficult to summarize. For a fuller account than can be given here the reader is referred to the article in the 1914 Year-book, pages 943 to 947, and to the various works on geology mentioned therein.

The oldest fossiliferous rocks are the Ordovician argillites ("slates") of north-west Nelson and Preservation Inlet. At Baton River Silurian fossils, at Reefton Devonian fossils, and in the limestone near Nelson Carboniferous or Permo-Carboniferous fossils, show that these systems are all represented in the Palæozoic sequence. Included' in it are marble, sandstone, shale, greywacke, quartzite, schist, and gneiss. The auriferous lodes of the South Island are almost always found cutting through rocks of Palæozoic age.

Rocks belonging to the Mesozoic periods occur over a large area in both Islands. The Trias-Jura system of greywacke and argillite forms the main mountain-ranges, but contains few workable mineral deposits. It is fossiliferous in only a few localities, and cannot be easily subdivided.

While all these foregoing rocks were being deposited the New Zealand area was probably the foreshore of a great continent, but after the Trias-Jura sediments were deposited far-reaching changes, involving the breaking-up and disappearance of the continental land, took place. The New Zealand area was necessarily involved in these earth-movements, and as the result the existing strata were folded, broken, and raised above sea-level. After extensive denudation of its surface had taken place New Zealand was again, probably several times, depressed and elevated either in whole or in part. During the periods of subsidence Cretaceous and Tertiary strata were laid down. These contain all the workable coal-seams of the Dominion.

Pleistocene and Recent deposits are well represented by fluviatile, glacial, marine, and wind-blown material.

Plutonic rocks of various types, but mainly granitic, occupy a large area in the western parts of the South Island and occur also in North Auckland. Volcanic rocks, chiefly of Tertiary age, are found in scattered areas throughout the eastern part of the South Island, and occur extensively in the North Island, where volcanic activity still continues on a small scale.

The rivers of New Zealand were discussed in the 1914 issue of this book in an article (pages 948 to 956) supplied by R. Speight, Esq., M.Sc, F.G.S., Curator of the Canterbury Museum. Considerations of space in the present book prevent more than a list of the more important rivers being given. These are as follows, the lengths shown being in most cases only approximate. Very few of these rivers are navigable by vessels of any size.

NORTH ISLAND .

SOUTH ISLAND .

In a further article in the 1915 issue of the Year-book Mr. Speight dealt at length with the lakes of the Dominion. A summary of the statistics of the chief lakes of New Zealand is here given:—

In the 1913 issue of the Year-book (pages 32 to 34) appears a short account of the Flora of New Zealand, supplied by Dr. L. Cockayne, F.R.S. The article covers briefly the various points of interest in connection with the flora of the main Islands, and deals also with that of the outlying islands.

For information re the fauna of New Zealand the reader is referred to the article by James Drummond, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.S., appearing on pages 957 to 961 of the Year-book for 1914. The article, though brief, contains a fairly comprehensive account of the Dominion's fauna.

The 1915 issue of this book contains considerable information concerning the history and Constitution of New Zealand, with lists of successive occupants of important offices. Particulars as to present occupants only (30th June. 1919) are given in the following pages.

GOVERNOR -GENERAL OF NEW ZEALAND .

The designation of "Governor," formerly borne by His Majesty's Representative in New Zealand, was altered in 1917 to "Governor-General." The Earl of Liverpool, who had held office as Governor since 19th December, 1912, was sworn in as the first Governor-General on 28th June, 1917.

Liverpool, His Excellency the Right Honourable Arthur William de Brito Savile, Fifth Earl of Liverpool. Born 27th May, 1870; succeeded 1907. Educated at Eton and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Formerly Major in the Rifle Brigade (the Prince Consort's Own), and subsequently Major of its 6th Battalion. Sometime an A.D.C. to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (Earl Cadogan, K.G.), and Staff Captain, Dublin District. Is a J.P. for Kesteven and Lindsey Divisions of Lincolnshire, and Lieut.-Colonel 8th Battalion London Regiment (the Post Office Rifles). Served in South Africa, 1901-2 (Queen's Medal with three clasps). Was State Steward and Chamberlain to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T., G.C.M.G.), 1906-8. Comptroller of His Majesty's Household, 1909-12. Appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Dominion of New Zealand, 1912. Appointed Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief of New Zealand, 1917. M.V.O., 4th Class, 1900; K.C.M.G., 1912; G.C.M.G., 1914; P.C., 1917; G.B.E., 1918.

Seat: Hartsholme Hall, Lincoln.

London residence: 44 Grosvenor Gardens, S.W.

Residences: Government House, Wellington; Government House, Auckland.

Private Secretary: Gavin M. Hamilton, Esq.

Official Secretary: A. Cecil Day, Esq., C.B.E.

Aides-de-Camp: Captain A. T. G. Rhodes, Grenadier Guards; Honorary Lieutenant H. G. Helmore, M.B.E.; Lieutenant H. G. de P. Garland, M.C., Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry; Lieutenant E. W. J. Millton, 13th North Canterbury and Westland Regiment.

Extra Aide-de-Camp: Lieut.-Colonel J. H. Boscawen.

Honorary Aides-de-Camp: Colonel R. J. Collins, C.M.G., I.S.O., V.D.; Major-General Sir A. H. Russell, K.C.B., K.C.M.G.,; Colonel R. Logan, C.B.; Colonel J. C. Nichols, C.B.E., V.D.; Colonel G. P. C. Campbell, C.M.G., V.D.; Colonel R. A. Chaffey, C.B.E., V.D.

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL , 1919.

The Executive Council now consists of:—

Right Hon. W. F. Massey, P.C., Prime Minister, Minister of Labour, Minister of Industries and Commerce, Minister in Charge of Imperial Government Supplies, Valuation, and Electoral Departments, and Chairman Repatriation Department.

Right Hon. Sir J. G. Ward, Bart., P.C., K.C.M.G., Minister of Finance, Postmaster-General and Minister of Telegraphs, Minister in Charge of Land and Income Tax, State Advances, Public Trust, and Government Life and Accident Insurance Departments.

Hon. Sir James Allen, K.C.B., Minister of Defence and Minister in Charge of War Pensions.

Hon. W. H. Herries, Minister of Railways and Native Minister.

Hon. Sir W. Fraser, Kt. Bach., Minister of Public Works and Minister in Charge of Roads Department.

Hon. G. W. Russell, Minister of Internal Affairs, Minister of Public Health, Minister in Charge of Hospitals and Charitable Aid, Mental Hospitals, Printing and Stationery, High Commissioner's, Audit, Museum, Registrar-General's, Census and Statistics, and Laboratory Departments.

Hon. A. M. Myers, Minister of Customs, and Minister in Charge of Munitions and Supplies, Pensions, Advertising, and National Provident Fund Departments.

Hon. Sir F. H. D. Bell, K.C.M.G., K.C., Attorney-General, Minister of Immigration, Commissioner of State Forests, and Leader of the Legislative Council.

Hon. W. D. S. MacDonald, Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Mines, Minister in Charge of Legislative, Public Buildings, State Fire Insurance, and Tourist and Health Resorts Departments.

Hon. J. A. Hanan, Minister of Education and Minister in Charge of Friendly Societies Department.

Hon. T. M. Wilford, Minister of Justice, Minister of Marine, Minister of Stamp Duties, Minister in Charge of Police, and Inspection of Machinery Departments.

Hon. D. H. Guthrie, Minister of Lands, Minister in Charge of Land for Settlements and Scenery Preservation Departments.

Hon. Dr. M. Pomare, Member of the Executive Council representing the Native Race, Minister of the Cook Islands, and in Charge of Maori Councils.

Clerk of the Executive Council—F. D. Thomson (acting).

Speaker—Hon. W. C. F. CARNCROSS .

Chairman of Committees—Hon. O. SAMUEL .

Speaker—Hon. Sir FREDERIC WILLIAM LANG , Kt. Bach.

Chairman of Committees—ALEXANDER SCOTT MALCOLM .

Isaac Earl Featherston, Esq., appointed Agent-General under the Immigration and Public Works Act, 1870, by Warrant dated 5th April, 1871. Appointment to date from 25th March, 1871. (Gazette , 1871, page 155.)

(Note.—Sir W. Tyrone Power was appointed on 20th June, 1876, by the Crown Agents as temporary Agent-General on the death of Dr. Featherston.)

Sir Julius Vogel, K.C.M.G., appointed Agent-General under the Immigration and Public Works Act, 1870, by Warrant dated 19th September, 1876. Appointment to date from 9th September, 1876, vice I. E. Featherston, deceased. (Gazette , 1876, page 721.)

Sir Francis Dillon Bell, appointed Agent-General under the Public Revenues Act, 1878, by Warrant dated 7th December, 1880, vice Sir Julius Vogel, resigned. (Gazette , 1881, page 311.)

Westby Brook Perceval, Esq., appointed Agent-General under the Public Revenues Act, 1891, by Warrant dated 25th September, 1891, vice Sir F. D. Bell. (Gazette , 1891, page 1071.)

The Hon. William Pember Reeves, appointed Agent-General under the Public Revenues Act, 1891, by Warrant dated 23rd December, 1895, vice Sir W. B. Perceval. (Gazette , 1896, page 50.) Appointed High Commissioner under the High Commissioner Act, 1904, by Warrant dated 14th June, 1905. (Gazette , 1905, page 1509.) Reappointed High Commissioner as from 14th June, 1908. (Gazette , 1908, page 1921.)

The Hon. Sir William Hall-Jones, K.C.M.G., appointed High Commissioner from 1st December, 1908, vice Hon. W. P. Reeves. Assumed office 18th, January, 1909. (Gazette , 1909, page 27.) Appointment extended to 31st December, 1911. (Gazette , 1911, page 2720.) Appointment further extended to 31st March, 1912. (Gazette , 1912, page 45.) Appointment further extended to 31st May, 1912. (Gazette , 1912, page 1227.)

Charles Frederick Wray Palliser, appointed High Commissioner from 1st June, 1912, for one month. Reappointed from 1st July, 1912, and again reappointed from 1st August, 1912.

The Hon. Sir Thomas Mackenzie, K.C.M.G., LL.D., appointed High Commissioner from 23rd August, 1912, for a term of three years. (Gazette , 1912, page 2612.) Assumed office 9th October, 1912. Reappointed from 22nd August, 1915. (Gazette , 1915, page 2283.) Further reappointed for several short terms. Offices: Strand, London W.C.

(Downing Street, London S.W.)

Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies—The Viscount Milner, P.C., G.C.B., G.C.M.G.

Parliamentary Under-Secretary—L. C. M. S. Amery, M.P.

Permanent Under-Secretary—Sir George Vandeleur Fiddes, G.C.M.G., C.B.

Assistant Under-Secretaries—Sir H. J. Read, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.A.; H. C. M. Lambert, C.B., B.A. (acting); and G. E. A. Grindle, C.M.G., M.A. (acting).

CROWN AGENTS FOR THE COLONIES .

(City Office, Whitehall Gardens, S.W.; Stock Transfer Office, 1 Tokenhouse Buildings, E.C.; Shipping Office, 13 Great St. Helens, E.C.; Packing Store, Cole Abbey Chambers, Lambeth Hill, E.C.; Colonial Stamp Department, 8 Errol Street, Bunhill Row, E.C.)

Crown Agents — Major Sir Maurice Alexander Cameron, K.C.M.G., late R.E.; and Sir William Hepworth Mercer, K.C.M.G.

TRADE COMMISSIONERS .

H.M. Trade Commissioners.

New Zealand—R. W. Dalton, P.O. Box 369, 11 Grey Street, Wellington (telegraphic address, "Advantage"). Australia—S. W. B. McGregor, Commerce House, Flinders Street, Melbourne (telegraphic address, "Combrit"), and Major G. Fetherston, D.S.O., M.C., Royal Exchange, Sydney (telegraphic address, "Combritto"). Canada and Newfoundland—G. T. Milne, O.B.E., 367 Beaver Hall Square, Montreal (telegraphic address, "Britcom"); F. W. Field, 257-260 Confederation Life Buildings, Toronto (telegraphic address, "Toroncom"); L. B. Beale, care of W. J. Healy, Esq., Free Press Building, Winnipeg. South Africa—J. L. Wilson-Goode, P.O. Box 1346, Norwich Union Buildings, St. George's Street, Cape Town (telegraphic address, "Austere").; W. G. Wickham, P.O. Box 839, Johannesburg. India and Ceylon—T. M. Ainscough, O.B.E., McLeod House, 28 Dalhousie Square, Calcutta (telegraphic address, "Ainscough").

Imperial Trade Correspondents.

A. J. Denniston, Auckland; W. T. Monkman, Dunedin.

Trade Commissioner for the Dominion of Canada.

W. A. Beddoe, Auckland.

CONSULS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES RESIDING IN , OR WITH JURISDICTION OVER , NEW ZEALAND , 30TH JUNE , 1919.

Argentine Republic.—Vice-Consul: H. H. Rayward, Wellington.

Belgium.—Hon. Consul (with jurisdiction over New Zealand): M. Balthazar (acting), Sydney. Vice-Consul: G. F. Johnston, Wellington. Consul (with jurisdiction over the Districts of Canterbury, Marlborough, Nelson, and Westland): Sir J. J. Kinsey, Kt. Bach., Christchurch. Consuls: A. M. Ferguson, Auckland; G. L. Denniston, Dunedin. Vice-Consul: C. R. J. Ward, Christchurch.

Brazil.—Vice-Consul: A. H. Miles, Wellington.

Chile.—Consul-General for Commonwealth of Australia and New Zealand: William Brown, Sydney. Consuls: E. A. Craig, Auckland; J. Montgomery, Christchurch. Honorary Consul: J. A. Roberts, Dunedin. Acting-Consul: H. L. Nathan, Wellington.

China.—Consul: Lin Shih Yuan, Wellington.

Denmark.—Consul-General for Australia and New Zealand: Otto Wadsted, San Francisco. Consul (for North Island): Hon. Sir F. H. D. Bell, K.C.M.G., Wellington (Principal Consulate). Consul (for South Island): H. B. Sorensen, Christchurch. Vice-Consuls: Robert Millar, Auckland (acting); W. E. Perry, Hokitika; O. H. Möller, Dunedin; Michael Myers, Wellington.

France.—Vice-Consul: Leon Hippeau, Auckland. Consular Agents: George Humphreys, Christchurch; James Macintosh, Wellington; S. E. D. Neill, Dunedin.

Greece.—Vice-Consul (for New Zealand): J. F. Dyer, Wellington.

Honduras.—Consul-General for Commonwealth of Australia and New Zealand: Frederic Walsh, Sydney.

Italy.—Consul-General for Commonwealth of Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji: E. Lauwers (acting), Melbourne. Consular Agents: Joseph Wallace, Christchurch; L. O. H. Tripp, Wellington; John Roberts, C.M.G., Dunedin; Geraldo Perotti, Greymouth; Giovanni (J. H.) Pagni, Auckland.

Japan.—Consul-General: S. Shimizu, Sydney. Consuls: H. D. Heather, Auckland; Thomas Young, Wellington.

Liberia.—Consul: Charles Louisson, Christchurch. Acting-Consul: T. N. Holmden, Wellington.

Mexico.—Consul: J. W. Hall, Auckland.

Netherlands.—Consul-General for Commonwealth of Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji: W. L. Bosschart, Melbourne. Vice-Consul de Carriere, attached to Consulate-General, P. A. van Buttingha Wichers, Melbourne. Consul with jurisdiction over New Zealand: W. G. Johnston, Wellington. Vice-Consuls: George Ritchie, Dunedin; M. Copeland, Auckland; G. Van der Velden, Christchurch.

Norway.—Consul-General for Commonwealth of Australia, New Zealand, and the adjacent islands: Finn Koren, Melbourne. Consul: A. W. Newton, Wellington. Vice-Consuls: Sigurd Bentzon, Melbourne; Robert Millar, Auckland; George Jameson, Christchurch; M. E. Wiig, Invercargill; J. H. Enright, Westport; John Scott, Timaru; W. F. Edmond, Dunedin (honorary).

Paraguay.—Consul: A. E. Kernot, Wellington.

Peru.—Consul-General (with jurisdiction over the Commonwealth of Australia and New Zealand): J. M. Paxton, Sydney. Consul: G. H. Baker, Auckland.

Portugal.—Consuls: John Duncan, Wellington; N. A. Nathan, Auckland Vice-Consuls; A. D. S. Duncan, Wellington; C. W. Rattray, Dunedin.

Spain.—Consul-in-Chief (with jurisdiction over Australia and New Zealand): Senor Don Jaime Montero y de Madrazo, Melbourne. Hon. Vice-Consul: A. K. S. Mackenzie, Wellington.

Sweden.—Acting - Consul: W. I. Nathan, Wellington. Vice-Consuls: Albert Kaye, Christchurch; C. I. Nathan, Auckland.

Switzerland.—Acting-Consul: N. A. Nathan, Auckland.

United States of America.—Consul-General (for New Zealand and its dependencies): A. A. Winslow, Auckland. Vice-Consul-General: L. A. Bachelder, Auckland. Consular Agents: J. H. Stringer, Christchurch; A. E. Whyte, Wellington; F. O. Bridgeman, Dunedin.

Uruguay.—Acting-Consul: W. J. Prouse, Wellington.

There is no State Church in the Dominion, nor is State aid given to any form of religion. Government in the early days set aside certain lands as endowments for various religious bodies, but nothing of the kind has been done for many years past.

The principal Churches, with the names, &c., of the present heads or officers, and the places and times of holding the annual or periodical assemblies or meetings, are as follows:—

Church of the Province of New Zealand, commonly called the Church of England.

For Church purposes, the Dominion is divided into six dioceses—viz., Auckland, Waiapu, Wellington, Nelson, Christchurch, and Dunedin. The General Synod meets every third year in each diocese in rotation. Representatives attend from each diocese, and also from the diocese of Melanesia. President, the Primate (Bishop of Dunedin). The Diocesan Synods meet once a year, under the presidency of the bishop of the diocese. There is also a standing committee of General Synod, called the Provincial Standing Committee, which meets in Wellington once a year.

The names, &c., of the bishops of the Church of England are as follows:—

Presbyterian Church of New Zealand.

This Church is composed of eighteen presbyteries, with 255 congregations and 120 home-mission stations. The adult church membership last year was 42,704, and the total revenue £177,774. Foreign mission work is carried on in the New Hebrides, China, and India, while the Maoris and local Chinese are also ministered to. Homes for orphan children are open in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Timaru, Dunedin, and Invercargill. The General Assembly is the supreme court, the Rev. W. Gray Dixon, M.A., Roslyn, being the present Moderator; the Rev. J. A. Asher, B.A., the Moderator-Designate; the Rev. J. H. MacKenzie, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, the Clerk; and the Rev. W. J. Comrie, Presbyterian Church Offices, Wellington, the Treasurer. The Theological College is in Dunedin, with the Revs. M. Watt, M.A., D.D., W. Hewitson, B.A., and J. Dickie, M.A., D.D., as professors. The Rev. J. Gibb, D.D., Wellington, is Convener of Home Missions, the Rev. A. B. Todd, B.A., Wellington, Secretary of same, and the Rev. A. Don, Dunedin, Secretary for Foreign Missions. The Church's paper is The Outlook , Mr. A. H. Grinling, Dunedin, being editor. The next meeting of General Assembly is appointed for the 18th November, 1919, in First Church, Invercargill.

Roman Catholic Church.

The Diocese of Wellington, established in 1848, was in 1887 created an archdiocese and the metropolitan see. There are three suffragan dioceses—Auckland, Christchurch, and Dunedin. A retreat is held annually in each of the four dioceses, at the end of which a synod is held, presided over by the bishop or archbishop, and at which all his clergy attend.

In January, 1899, the first Provincial Council of New Zealand was held in Wellington, under the presidency of the metropolitan, and attended by all the suffragan bishops, and a number of priests elected specially in each diocese as representatives of the whole Catholic clergy in the Dominion The decrees of this Council were approved by Rome in April, 1900, were published on 1st January, 1901, and are now binding in every diocese in, the Dominion.

The Most Rev. Francis Redwood, S.M., D.D., consecrated in 1874, is Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Catholic Church in New Zealand, and the Most Rev. Thomas O'Shea has been appointed Coadjutor Archbishop. The following arc the bishops:—

Methodist Church of New Zealand.

The Officers of the Church for 1919 are as follows: President of the Conference, Rev. H. E. Bellhouse, Ponsonby; Vice-President, Mr. J. H. Blackwell, Kaiapoi; Secretary, Rev. E. Drake, Wellington; President-elect for 1920, Rev. E. Drake, Wellington; Connexional Secretary, Rev. Samuel Lawry, Christchurch; Secretary for Foreign Missions, Rev. W. A. Sinclair, Auckland; Secretary for Home Missions, Rev. T. G. Brook, Mount Eden.

The affairs of the Church are administered by ten District Synods, which meet annually. The Chairmen are appointed by Conference.

The next Conference will be held in Auckland, opening during the last, week in February, 1920.

Baptist Union of New Zealand.

President, Pastor M. W. P. Lascelles, Timaru; Vice-President, Rev. H. G. Herens, Hamilton; Secretary, Rev. R. S. Gray, Wellington; Treasurer, Mr. W. Lambourne, Ponsonby; Missionary Secretary, Rev. S. M. Jenkins, Wanganui; Financial Secretary, Rev. A. North, Warrington, Otago; Missionary Treasurer, Mr. C. Cathie, Wellington. The Union comprises fifty-six churches, forty-six preaching-stations, 6,000 members, and a constituency of 25,000. The denominational organ is the New Zealand Baptist; Editor, Rev. J. J. North, Christchurch. The Foreign Missionary Society, with an annual income of £3,625, has a thoroughly equipped hospital and dispensaries, employs a doctor, two missionaries, six zenana ladies, and forty-six Native helpers. The sphere of operations is in North Tipperah, East Bengal, with a population of 1,200,000.

Congregational Union of New Zealand.

The annual meetings are held during the month of March, at such place as may be determined by vote of Council. Chairman for 1919: Rev. J. Reed Glasson, Wellington; Secretary, Rev. Archibald E. Hunt, Wellington; Treasurer, Mr. Frank Meadowcroft, Wellington; Registrar, Rev. A. H. Wallace, Dunedin; headquarters and seat of executive, Wellington. In 1920 the meeting of the Council will be held in Dunedin. The Committee of the Union meets in Wellington on the last Monday in each month.

Hebrews.

Ministers: Rev. S. A. Goldstein and Rev. S. Katz, Auckland; Rev. H. Van Staveren and Rev. C. Pitkowsky, Wellington; Rev. A. Diamond, Dunedin. Annual meetings of the general congregations are usually held at these places during the month of Elul (about the end of August).

Church of Christ.

The next Conference of the Dominion Associated Churches of Christ will be held in Christchurch, at Easter of 1920. Statistics submitted to last Conference were as follows: Churches, 50; membership, 3,360; Bible-school scholars, 3,311; teachers, 339; ministers, 21.

Dominion Executive: President, Mr. Ralph Gebbie, B.A., 81 Williamson Avenue, Auckland; Vice-President, Mr. Herbert Langford, 19 London Street, Richmond, Christchurch; Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. Will J. Mason, 497 Madras Street, Christchurch.

A combined Conference of the Auckland and Middle Districts is held annually in Wellington and Auckland alternately. The Southern District has a separate Conference, meeting in various towns of the South Island. All the District Conferences meet at Easter.

Missionary stations are supported in Southern Rhodesia, where the Church has six missionaries and eight Native evangelists.

Unitarian Association of New Zealand.

President, Mr. G. Stevenson, Auckland; Treasurer, Mr. J. Godber, J.P., Wellington; Secretary, Rev. G. E. Hale, B.A., 153 Ghuznee Street, Wellington. Churches are established at Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Timaru, and are linked with the British and Foreign Unitarian Association. The next Annual Conference will be held in November, 1919.

Salvation Army.

The annual congress of the Salvation Army is held in the month of April in each year.

The principal officers of the Salvation Army in New Zealand are: Territorial Commander, Commissioner H. C. Hodder; Chief Secretary, Colonel J. McInnes; Secretary for Field Affairs, Major H. B. Colledge; Property Secretary, Lieut.-Colonel J. H. Bray; Trade Secretary, Brigadier A. Kirk; National Young People's Secretary, Brigadier W. J. Hoare; Chief Accountant, Major W. P. Page; Divisional Commanders, Major E. Newby. Auckland, Brigadier J. Toomer, Palmerston North, Brigadier W. Gist, Wellington, Brigadier A. B. Carmichael, Christchurch, Major D. Gunn, Dunedin; Principal of Training College, Wellington, Brigadier W. Gist.

An officer engaged exclusively in repatriation work is stationed at Auckland and Wellington respectively, while in the chief centres of the South Island Salvation Army chaplains meet each returning draft and keep in touch with the needs of the men. A hostel has been opened in Wellington for the accommodation of soldiers, and at Rotorua the Soldiers' Institute caters for the social and moral welfare of the men under medical treatment there.

Among the social institutions maintained by the Salvation Army are: Rescue Homes at St. Albans, Caversham, Parnell, and South Wellington; Young Women's Industrial Home at Anderson's Bay; Maternity Homes at each of the four chief centres; Samaritan Homes at Gisborne and Napier; Boys' Training Farm at Putaruru; Boys' Homes at Island Bay, Eltham, Russell, and Temuka; Girls' Homes at Middlemarch, Auckland, and South Wellington; Prison Gate Brigade Homes at Epsom and Addington; Inebriates' Homes at Pakatoa and Rotoroa; and a Home for Aged Men and Women at Featherston.